RULES AND PRACTICES FOR OPERATING A WOODWORK
By Professor Georgiou Mantanis
How easy or difficult it is to improve productivity and competitiveness in our country's sawmills What practices must be applied and what rules must be followed until the final Sawmills, or sawmills as they were called in the past, are wood businesses for cutting or slicing raw timber that it comes from the forest. That is, a sawmill receives timber in the form of logs (round timber or rounds and finally produces sawn timber, ready for disposal and use in many applications. By the term sawn timber we essentially mean the rectangular prisms of wood in various dimensions of thickness, width, length, which arise from
the longitudinal wedge of the logs. The experience of Greek wood industries and specifically of lathes, as well as the scientific data that exists to date show that if specific rules and practices are applied, it is possible to improve both the productivity and competitiveness of these (laundry) businesses in our country, which today have then per stage these are then described per production stage of the distillery. During the stage of the logs staying in the log yard. The aim at this stage is to get the timber logs to be nailed as soon as possible. The most ideal solution would be the gradual logging and supply of the Greek mills throughout the year. The rules to be applied are as follows: As long as possible longer log lengths or if possible one log piece per tree, as well as configuration of its length in the log yard. Logging should be done outside the growing season, i.e. in autumn or winter, which unfortunately does not happen. Debarking in woods such as spruce and pine to prevent infestations of bark-wood insects and cyanosis fungi, especially in black pine (unless splicing is done immediately after felling). For valuable species of good quality such as black pine, whitebark pine (Robolo), beech and oak, it is necessary to coat the ends with paraffin emulsion, to place press collars on the ends of the logs and to store them immediately in water tanks or continuously Never stack or leave the logs in contact with the ground, for this it is necessary to cement or at least gravel the bodywork, so that the water can drain. Avoiding cyanosis, which is the most important problem in our country, should be done by following the best practices below. medium storage of the logs in water tanks or sprinkling them for 24 hours, immediately after logging and for the entire period until cutting. Mandatory spraying with suitable fungicides (special solutions of pentachlorophenol salts) after debarking the trunks. We should not forget that the cyanosis of the black pine in our country causes every year a terrible deterioration in the quality of the timber produced and a decrease in the purchase value of the wood by up to 50%. What else should be avoided: The remaining of the logs in the log yard for more than 6 months, including spring and summer, without protective measures, they are sure to cause quality degradation (25-40% of value) and a dramatic increase in wear rate (reduction in quantitative yield) Also, it should be done sorting logs in the log yard by quality, length and diameter, and marking logs that meet the required specifications. The sawing stage The objective at this stage is the best possible sawing of logs with good qualitative and quantitative performance, which can be achieved if the following practices are applied: never sawing with the same saws in spruce, pine, beech or oak. Fir and pine require a larger cutting angle, beech a little less and oak even less. Maximum attention to the feed speed in relation to the type of wood, the type of cutter, the speed of movement of the blade or disc. We always follow the specifications of the crimping machine and the rules required for optimal cutting. No to the frequent change of cutting tools, careful grinding, proper maintenance of discs and saw blades. From experience, a qualified and correct grinder, who applies the grinding rules and maintenance, as well as experienced - specialized machine operators, is a basic condition for the effective sawing of logs and the successful and problem-free operation of the lathe. It is also necessary the sawdust extraction system and the chippers of wood residues and their concentration in silos. For personnel safety reasons, it is good to have an effective dust absorption system installed, the use of suitable respiratory equipment is recommended (if high

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